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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

国家外汇管理局：我国跨境资金流动总体均衡******

　　中新网1月18日电 据国家外汇管理局网站18日消息，国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就2022年外汇收支形势答记者问。针对当前我国外汇收支形势如何，有什么突出特点和新变化等问题，王春英表示，人民币汇率双向浮动、弹性增强，在合理均衡水平上保持基本稳定。我国跨境资金流动全年总体均衡，主要特点如下：

　　第一，全年银行结售汇和涉外收支均为顺差，外汇市场供求保持基本平衡。2022年，银行结售汇和银行代客涉外收支顺差规模分别为1073亿和763亿美元。近期，在内外部因素共同推动下，我国外汇市场运行更趋平稳，12月银行结售汇和涉外收支均为顺差，分别为70亿和231亿美元。综合考虑其他供求因素，2022年我国外汇市场供求总体保持基本平衡。

　　第二，外汇市场预期总体平稳，市场交易理性有序。在复杂多变的内外部环境下，远期和期权市场反映人民币汇率预期的相关指标变动幅度可控，没有出现持续较强的单边走势，说明市场主体汇率预期保持总体稳定，市场主体结售汇和涉外收支行为理性有序。市场主体结汇意愿基本平稳，总体保持“逢高结汇”的理性交易模式。2022年结汇率(即客户向银行卖出外汇与客户涉外外汇收入之比)为67%，较2021年提升1个百分点。企业积极使用自有外汇对外支付，持汇意愿较为稳定。2022年11月末，企业、个人等市场主体的境内外汇存款余额6396亿美元，较2021年末下降562亿美元。

　　第三，货物贸易、外商直接投资等资金流入发挥了稳定跨境资金流动的主导作用。2022年，我国货物贸易跨境资金净流入规模创历史新高，较2021年增长45%，体现了我国对外贸易的发展韧性。外商直接投资资本金项下资金净流入保持较高规模，显著高于疫情前2019年水平；另据商务部统计，1-11月我国实际使用外资1781亿美元，同比增长12%，说明我国经济发展前景以及巨大消费市场对外资吸引力仍然较强。

　　第四，近期境外投资者持续恢复对我国证券市场投资。据外汇局统计，2022年12月，境外投资者净增持境内债券和股票分别为73亿和84亿美元。从最新的市场数据看，近期外资参与境内证券市场保持活跃，2023年1月上半月净买入境内股票、债券合计约126亿美元。(中新财经)

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　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）